Description
Phra Somkor – The Buddhist Heritage of Kamphaeng Phet
Phra Somkor is one of the most recognised and highly collected Buddhist amulets in Thailand. It holds a distinguished position within the Benjapakee, the five most celebrated types of Thai Buddhist amulets, and is particularly admired for its distinctive Buddha imagery and historical significance.
The history of Phra Somkor is closely associated with Kamphaeng Phet Province in northern Thailand, particularly the ancient settlement of Nakhon Chum along the western bank of the Ping River. Its origins are traditionally traced to the Sukhothai period, when Kamphaeng Phet served as an important centre of Buddhist culture and religious activity. Some historical accounts associate its creation with the reign of King Maha Thammaracha I, commonly known as King Lithai, although the precise date and circumstances of its earliest production remain uncertain.
Traditional Phra Somkor amulets were discovered at several historical temple sites around the Thung Setthi area of Nakhon Chum, including Wat Phra Borommathat, Wat Pikul and Wat Ruesi. These locations formed part of an important Buddhist religious landscape during the Sukhothai period. Discoveries recorded during the Rattanakosin period, followed by subsequent excavations and temple restoration activities, contributed to the growing recognition of Phra Somkor among Buddhist devotees and collectors.
Phra Somkor is distinguished by its seated Buddha depicted in the meditation posture, surrounded by an elegantly curved arch. The distinctive shape of this arch resembles the Thai letter “ก” (Ko Kai), from which the amulet derives its name. The traditional design reflects influences from Sukhothai and Sri Lankan Buddhist artistic traditions, particularly in the Buddha’s proportions, facial features and decorative elements surrounding the seated figure.
Traditional Phra Somkor amulets were predominantly produced using fired clay, with historical accounts describing the inclusion of botanical ingredients and flower pollen. Variations in materials and firing conditions contributed to differences in colour, texture and surface appearance, including reddish-brown, dark brown and greenish-grey tones.
The principal moulds traditionally recognised by collectors include Pim Yai Mee Kanok (Large Mould with Kanok Motifs), Pim Yai Mai Mee Kanok (Large Mould without Kanok Motifs), Pim Klang (Medium Mould), Pim Lek (Small Mould) and Pim Khanom Pia. Each mould displays distinctive variations in the Buddha’s proportions, surrounding decorative elements and overall shape.
Today, Phra Somkor remains an important part of Thai Buddhist heritage, valued by worshippers and collectors for its religious significance, historical associations and distinctive craftsmanship.
